乳腺活检-超声

定义

A breast biopsy is the removal of breast tissue to examine it for signs of 乳腺癌 或者其他疾病.

There are several types of breast biopsies, including 立体定向、超声引导、核磁共振引导等 乳腺切除活检. This article focuses on needle-based, ultrasound-guided breast biopsies. This procedure is usually done by a radiologist or surgeon.

选择的名字

Biopsy - breast - ultrasound; Ultrasound-guided breast biopsy; Core needle breast biopsy - ultrasound; 乳腺癌 - breast biopsy - ultrasound; Abnormal 乳房x光检查 - breast biopsy - ultrasound

如何执行测试

You are asked to undress from the waist up. You wear a robe that opens in the front. 在活检过程中，你是清醒的.

你仰面躺着.

The biopsy is done in the following way:

• The doctor cleans the area on your breast.
• 注射麻药.
• The doctor makes a very small cut on your breast over the area that needs to be biopsied.
• The doctor uses an ultrasound machine to guide the needle to the abnormal area in your breast that needs to be biopsied.
• Several small pieces of tissue are taken.
• A small metal clip may be placed into the breast in the area of the biopsy to mark it, if needed.

The biopsy is done using one of the following:

• 细针抽吸
• 空心针(称为芯针)
• Vacuum-powered设备
• Both a hollow needle and vacuum-powered device

Once the tissue sample has been taken, the needle is removed. Ice and pressure are applied to the site to stop any bleeding. A bandage is applied to absorb any fluid. You do not need any stitches after the needle is taken out. If needed, strips of tape may be placed to close the wound.

如何准备考试

The health care provider will ask about your medical history and may perform a manual breast exam.

If you take blood thinning medicines (including aspirin, 补充, 或草药), ask your doctor whether you need to stop taking these before the biopsy.

如果你怀孕了，告诉你的十大赌博平台排行榜.

Do not use lotion, perfume, powder, or deodorant underneath your arms or on your breasts.

考试的感觉如何

When the numbing medicine is injected, it may sting a bit.

During the procedure, you may feel slight discomfort or light pressure.

After the test, the breast may be sore and tender to the touch for several days. You will be given instructions about what activities you can do, 如何照顾你的乳房, and what medicines you can take for pain.

You may have some bruising, and there will be a very small scar where the needle was inserted.

为什么要进行测试

An ultrasound-guided breast biopsy may be done to evaluate abnormal findings on a 乳房x光检查, 乳房超声检查，或核磁共振.

To determine whether someone has 乳腺癌, a biopsy must be done. Tissue from the abnormal area is removed and examined under a microscope.

正常的结果

A normal result means there is no sign of cancer or other breast problems.

Your provider will let you know if and when you need a follow-up ultrasound, 乳房x光检查或其他检查.

异常结果意味着什么

A biopsy can identify a number of breast conditions that are not cancer or precancer, including:

• 纤维腺瘤 (通常不是癌症的乳房肿块)
• 脂肪 坏死

Biopsy results may show abnormal conditions such as:

• 非典型导管增生
• 非典型小叶增生
• 扁平上皮异型性
• 导管内乳头状瘤
• 小叶分界
• 径向疤痕
• Fibroepithelial病变
• Mucocele-like病变

如果活检结果是良性的, 你可能不需要进一步治疗了, though sometimes surgery to remove a benign condition is recommended. If the biopsy shows an abnormal condition, you may be referred to a surgeon to discuss a surgical biopsy to remove the entire area and test it more thoroughly.

Depending on surgical biopsy results, you may need further surgery or treatment.

Your provider will discuss the meaning of the biopsy results with you.

风险

There is a slight chance of infection at the injection or incision site. 出血过多是罕见的.

参考文献

美国放射学会网站. ACR practice parameter for the performance of ultrasound-guided percutaneous breast interventional procedures. www.acr.org/-/media/ACR/Files/Practice-Parameters/us-guidedbreast.pdf. 更新2021. 于2023年4月5日发布.

Henry NL, Shah PD, Haider I, Freer PE, Jagsi R, Sabel MS. 乳腺癌. In: Niederhuber JE, Armitage JO, Kastan MB, Doroshow JH, Tepper JE, eds. Abeloff临床肿瘤学. 6日艾德. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020:chap 88.

Thigpen DM, Huppe AI, Mehta AK, Brem RF. 乳腺活检及消融. In: Mauro MA, Murphy KPJ, Thomson KR, Venbrux AC, Morgan RA, eds. 图像引导的干预措施. 3日艾德. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2021:chap 105.