超声心动图-儿童

定义

An echocardiogram is a test that uses sound waves to create pictures of the heart. It is used with children to help diagnose defects of the heart that are present at birth (congenital). 这幅画比常规画更详细 x射线 图像. An echocardiogram also does not expose children to radiation.

选择的名字

Transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE) - children; Echocardiogram - transthoracic - children; Doppler ultrasound of the heart - children; Surface echo - children

如何执行测试

Your child's health care provider may do the test in a clinic, 在十大赌博平台排行榜里, 或者在门诊中心. 超声心动图 in children is done either with the child lying down or lying in their parent's lap. This approach can help comfort them and keep them still.

For each of these tests, a trained sonographer performs the test. 心脏病专家解释结果.

经胸超声心动图(tte)

TTE is the type of echocardiogram that most children will have.

• The sonographer puts gel on the child's 肋骨 near the breastbone in the area around the heart. 手持仪器, 称为换能器, is pressed on the gel on the child's chest and directed toward the heart. 这个装置释放高频声波.
• The transducer picks up the echo of sound waves coming back from the heart and blood vessels.
• The echocardiography machine converts these impulses into moving pictures of the heart. 还拍摄了静态照片.
• 图片可以是二维的，也可以是三维的.
• 整个过程大约持续20到40分钟.

该测试可以让十大赌博平台排行榜看到心脏跳动. 它还显示了心脏瓣膜和其他结构.

有时, 肺部, 肋骨, or body tissues may prevent the sound waves from producing a clear picture of the heart. 在这种情况下, the sonographer may inject a small amount of liquid (contrast dye) through an IV to better see the inside of the heart.

经食管超声心动图

TEE is another type of echocardiogram that children can have. 测试是在孩子躺在下面的情况下进行的 镇静.

• The sonographer will numb the back of your child's throat and insert a small tube into the child's food pipe (esophagus). The end of the tube contains a device to send out sound waves.
• The sound waves reflect off the structures in the heart and are displayed on a screen as 图像s of the heart and blood vessels.
• 因为食道就在心脏后面, this method is used to get clearer pictures of the heart.

如何准备考试

You can take these steps to prepare your child before the procedure:

• Do not allow your child to eat or drink anything prior to having a TEE.
• Do not use any cream or oil on your child before the exam.
• Explain the test in detail to older children so they understand that they should remain still during the test.
• Younger children less than 4 years of age may need medicine (镇静) to help them stay still for clearer pictures.
• Give children older than 4 a toy to hold or have them watch videos to help them stay calm and still during the test.

考试的感觉如何

• Your child will need to remove any clothes from the waist up and lie flat on the exam table.
• Electrodes will be placed on your child's chest to monitor the heartbeat.
• 一种凝胶被涂在孩子的胸部. 天气可能很冷. 一个换能器头将压在凝胶上. 由于换能器，孩子可能会感到压力.
• 年龄较小的孩子在考试时可能会感到不安. Parents should try to keep the child calm during the test.

为什么要进行测试

做这个测试是为了检查功能, 心脏瓣膜, 主要血管, and chambers of a child's heart from outside of the body.

• 你的孩子可能有心脏问题的迹象或症状.
• 这些症状可能包括呼吸急促, 可怜的增长, 腿部肿胀, 心杂音, 哭泣时嘴唇周围呈蓝色, 胸痛, 原因不明的发热, 或者血液培养试验中细菌的生长.

Your child may have an increased risk for heart problems due to an abnormal genetic test or other birth defects that are present.

提供者可以在以下情况下推荐TEE:

• TTE是不清楚的. Unclear results may be due to the shape of the child's chest, lung disease, or excess body fat.
• An area of the heart needs to be looked at in more detail.

正常的结果

A normal result means that there are no defects in the 心脏瓣膜 or chambers and there is normal heart wall movement.

异常结果意味着什么

An abnormal echocardiogram in a child can mean many things. Some abnormal findings are very minor and do not pose major risks. 其他则是严重心脏病的征兆. 在这种情况下, the child will need more tests by a specialist. It is very important to talk about the results of the echocardiogram with your child's provider.

超声心动图可以帮助检测:

• 心脏瓣膜异常
• 心律失常
• 先天性心脏缺陷
• 炎症(心包炎) or fluid in the sac around the heart (pericardial effusion)
• 心脏瓣膜上或周围有感染
• 肺部血管的高血压
• 心脏的泵血功能如何
• 血凝块的来源 中风 或TIA

风险

儿童TTE没有任何已知的风险.

TEE是一种侵入性手术. 这个测试可能会有一些风险. Talk with your provider about risks associated with this test.

参考文献

Campbell RM, Douglas PS, Eidem BW, Lai WW, Lopez L, Sachdeva R. ACC/AAP/AHA/ASE/HRS/SCAI/SCCT/SCMR/SOPE 2014 appropriate use criteria for initial transthoracic echocardiography in outpatient pediatric cardiology: a report of the American College of Cardiology Appropriate Use Criteria Task Force, 美国儿科学会, 美国心脏协会, 美国超声心动图学会, 心脏节律学会, Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, 心血管计算机断层摄影学会, 心血管磁共振学会, 和儿科超声心动图学会. 我是科尔·卡迪诺. 2014;64(19):2039-2060. PMID: 25277848 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.国家卫生研究院.gov / 25277848 /.

Valente AM, Dorfman AL, Babu-Narayan SV, Krieger EV. 青少年和成人的先天性心脏病. In: Libby P, Bonow RO, Mann DL, Tomaselli GF, Bhatt DL, Solomon SD, eds. Braunwald's Heart Disease: A Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine. 12日艾德. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2022:chap 82.

吴建军，吉兰LD，所罗门SD，布尔沃B. 超声心动图. In: Libby P, Bonow RO, Mann DL, Tomaselli GF, Bhatt DL, Solomon SD, eds. Braunwald's Heart Disease: A Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine. 12日艾德. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2022:chap 16.