直肠活检

定义

A rectal 活组织检查 is a procedure to remove a small piece of tissue from the rectum for examination.

Alternative Names

Biopsy - rectum; Rectal bleeding - 活组织检查; Rectal polyps - 活组织检查; 淀粉样变 - rectal 活组织检查; 克罗恩病 - rectal 活组织检查; Colorectal cancer - 活组织检查; Hirschsprung disease - rectal 活组织检查

How the Test is Performed

A rectal 活组织检查 is usually part of anoscopy or 乙状结肠镜检查. These are procedures to view inside the rectum.

A digital rectal exam 是先完成的. Then, a lubricated instrument (anoscope or proctoscope) is placed into the rectum. You will feel some discomfort when this is done.

A 活组织检查 can be taken through any of these instruments.

How to Prepare for the Test

You may get a laxative, 灌肠, or other preparation before the 活组织检查 so that you can completely empty your bowel. This will allow the health care provider a clear view of the rectum.

How the Test will Feel

There will be some discomfort during the procedure. You may feel like you need to have a bowel movement. You may feel cramping or mild discomfort as the instrument is placed into the rectal area. You may feel a pinch when a 活组织检查 is taken.

Why the Test is Performed

A rectal 活组织检查 is used to determine the cause of abnormal growths found during anoscopy, 乙状结肠镜检查, 或者其他测试. It can also be used to confirm the diagnosis of 淀粉样变 (rare disorder in which abnormal proteins build up in tissues and organs).

正常的结果

The anus and rectum appear normal in size, color, and shape. There should be no evidence of:

• 出血
• Polyps (growth on the lining of the anus)
• 痔疮 (swollen veins in the anus or lower part of the rectum)
• Other abnormalities

No problems are seen when the 活组织检查 tissue is examined under a microscope.

What Abnormal Results Mean

This test is a common way to determine the specific causes of abnormal conditions of the rectum, 如:

• 脓肿 (collection of pus in the area of the anus and rectum)
• Colorectal polyps
• 感染
• 炎症
• 肿瘤
• 淀粉样变
• 克罗恩病 (inflammation of the digestive tract)
• Hirschsprung disease in infants (blockage of the large intestine)
• Ulcerative colitis (inflammation of the lining of the large intestine and rectum)

风险

风险 of a rectal 活组织检查 include bleeding.

参考文献

Downs JM, Kulow B. 肛门疾病. In: Feldman M, Friedman LS, Brandt LJ, eds. Sleisenger and Fordtran's Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease. 11日艾德. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2021:chap 129.

Gibson JA, Odze RD. Tissue sampling, specimen handling, and laboratory processing. In: Chandrasekhara V, Elmunzer J, Khashab MA, Muthusamy VR, eds. Clinical Gastrointestinal Endoscopy. 3日艾德. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2019:chap 5.