检查幽门螺杆菌

定义

幽门螺杆菌 (H幽门) is the bacteria (germ) responsible for most stomach (gastric) and duodenal ulcers and many cases of stomach inflammation (chronic 胃炎).

选择的名字

消化性溃疡疾病 H幽门; PUD - H幽门

How the Test is Performed

There are several methods to test for H幽门 感染.

Breath Test (Carbon Isotope-urea Breath Test, or UBT)

• Up to 2 weeks before the test, you need to stop taking antibiotics, bismuth medicines such as Pepto-Bismol, and proton pump inhibitors (PPIs).
• During the test, you swallow a special substance that has urea. Urea is a waste product the body produces as it breaks down protein. The urea used in the test has been made harmlessly radioactive.
• If H幽门 存在, the bacteria convert the urea into carbon dioxide, which is detected and recorded in your exhaled breath after 10 minutes.
• This test can identify almost all people who have H幽门. It can also be used to check that the 感染 has been fully treated.

血液测试

• Blood tests are used to measure 抗体 to H幽门. Antibodies are proteins made by the body's immune system when it detects harmful substances such as bacteria.
• 血液测试 H幽门 can only tell if your body has H幽门 抗体. It cannot tell if you have a current 感染 or how long you have had it. This is because the test can be positive for years, even if the 感染 is cured. As a result, blood tests cannot be used to see if the 感染 has been cured after treatment.

凳子的测试

• A stool test can detect traces of H幽门 在粪便中.
• This test can be used to diagnose the 感染 and confirm that it has been cured after treatment.

活组织检查

• A tissue sample, called a 活组织检查, is taken from the stomach lining. This is the most accurate way to tell if you have an H幽门 感染.
• To remove the tissue sample, you have a procedure called esophagogastroduodenoscopy (还). The procedure is done in the hospital or outpatient center.
• Usually, a 活组织检查 is done if EGD is needed for other reasons. Reasons include diagnosing the ulcer, treating bleeding, or making sure there is no cancer.

Why the Test is Performed

Testing is most often done to diagnose H幽门 感染:

• If you currently have a stomach or duodenal ulcer
• If you had a stomach or duodenal ulcer in the past, and were never tested for H幽门
• 治疗后 H幽门 感染, to make sure there are no more of these bacteria

Testing may also be done if you need to take long-term ibuprofen or other NSAID medicines. Your health care provider can tell you more.

The test may also be recommended for a condition called 消化不良 (消化不良). This is upper abdominal discomfort. Symptoms include a feeling of fullness or of heat, 燃烧, or pain in the area between the navel and the lower part of the breastbone during or after eating. 测试 H幽门 without EGD is most often done only when the discomfort is new, the person is younger than 55, and there are no other symptoms.

正常的结果

Normal results mean there is no sign that you have an H幽门 感染.

What Abnormal Results Mean

Abnormal results mean that you have an H幽门 感染. Your provider will discuss treatment with you.

参考文献

掩护TL，激光MJ. 幽门螺杆菌 and other gastric Helicobacter species. In: Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ, eds. Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. 9日艾德. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020:chap 217.

Siddiqi HA, Rabinowitz S, Axiotis CA. Laboratory diagnosis of gastrointestinal and pancreatic disorders. In: McPherson RA, Pincus MR, eds. Henry's Clinical Diagnosis and Management by Laboratory Methods. 24日艾德. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2022:chap 23.