颈 癌症

迹象 & 症状

宫颈癌前病变通常不会引起疼痛. 事实上, they generally don't cause 症状 and aren't detected unless a woman has a pelvic exam and a 子宫颈抹片检查.

Symptoms usually don't appear until abnormal cervical cells become cancerous and invade nearby tissue. 当这种情况发生时, 最常见的症状是异常出血, which may start and stop between regular menstrual periods or may occur after sexual intercourse, 冲洗或盆腔检查. 经期出血可能比平时持续时间更长，量更大.

出血后 更年期 也可能是子宫颈癌的症状. 阴道分泌物增多是子宫颈癌的另一个症状.

诊断

A pelvic exam and two screening tests – the 巴氏早期癌变探查试验 and the human papillomavirus (HPV) test – are used to detect cervical cancer. Your health care provider uses an instrument called a speculum to examine you and take samples for the screening tests.

• 骨盆检查. 十大赌博平台排行榜会检查你的阴道, 子宫, 膀胱和直肠的任何肿块或形状或大小的变化.
• 巴氏早期癌变探查试验. 你的十大赌博平台排行榜从你的子宫颈和周围区域收集细胞. 这些细胞被送到医学实验室筛选异常细胞. 了解更多包括如何以及为什么要做巴氏试验，如何准备，以及感觉如何.
• 人乳头状瘤病毒测试. 你的十大赌博平台排行榜从你的子宫颈和周围区域收集细胞 and sends them to a medical lab for testing. 该实验室寻找导致癌症的各种类型的HPV. 了解更多包括HPV检测的方式和原因，如何准备，以及感觉如何.

我们对异常筛选试验结果的处理方法

加州大学旧金山分校, 我们为宫颈发育不良提供全方位的筛查和治疗选择, 包括阴道镜, 环切除(LEEP), 激光烧蚀, 在某些情况下进行冷冻治疗和观察等待. We believe that empowering patients with knowledge is an important part of the healing process, and we encourage all our patients to participate in choosing the option that best aligns with their preferences and values.

 

治疗

治疗子宫颈癌的方法有很多.

环电切术(LEEP)

这个简单的过程可以在十大赌博平台排行榜的办公室进行局部麻醉. An electrically charged wire loop is used to remove the outer portion of the cervix containing the abnormal tissue, 然后可以在显微镜下检查以确认没有癌症残留. 在绝大多数情况下, women are cured after one LEEP procedure and are able to return to full activity shortly thereafter.

冷冻手术

这是一种冻结并杀死宫颈上异常细胞的手术. 在这个过程中, 哪一种是在十大赌博平台排行榜办公室进行的，通常不需要麻醉, 一个用液氮冷却的银探针被放置在子宫颈上. 这种冷冻会杀死子宫颈上异常的外层细胞.

冷冻手术切除子宫

The removal of the 子宫 through the abdomen or vagina is a major surgical procedure requiring at least an overnight stay in the hospital. 很少有理由对侵袭前病变进行子宫切除术. It is sometimes used for women who have had more than one relapse and no longer have enough tissue to perform another LEEP.

侵袭性癌症的治疗

浸润性癌症的治疗取决于肿瘤生长的程度. 如果肿瘤很小且局限于子宫颈, 妇女的治疗方法可以是根治性子宫切除术，也可以是放疗. When tumors are large or extend to adjacent tissues or lymph nodes more intensive therapy is required, 比如放射治疗, 有时还会加上化疗药物.

激进的子宫切除术

这是切除子宫的手术, 阴道阴道的上部, 韧带和结缔组织将子宫固定在原位. 在根治性子宫切除术期间, 在盆腔区域切除淋巴结也很常见, for microscopic cancer cells can spread to those lymph nodes and into the ligaments that hold the 子宫 in place.

It is not necessary to remove the ovaries in a radical hysterectomy and the preservation of ovarian function is one of the benefits of this approach. 这对年轻女性来说很重要. 在根治性子宫切除术后, 女性将不再有月经，也不能生育. 然而，她的体内会继续分泌雌性激素. 当病人被正确地选择进行这个手术, 宫颈癌的治愈率在85%到95%之间.

放射治疗

这种疗法使用高能射线来破坏癌细胞并阻止它们生长. 这是一种局部治疗，这意味着它可以攻击一个区域的癌细胞. 辐射可能来自一台大型机器, 称为外辐射, 或者直接植入子宫颈的放射性物质, 称为种植体辐射. 有些病人同时接受两种类型的放射治疗.

化疗

The use of drugs to kill cancer cells is most often used when cervical cancer has spread to other parts of the body. 患者可能只接受一种药物治疗，也可能在周期内接受多种药物的联合治疗. 化疗可通过静脉注射或口服给予. It is a systematic treatment, meaning that the drugs flow through the body in the bloodstream.

生物治疗

This treatment uses substances to strengthen a woman's immune system to better fight her cancer. It may be used to treat cancer that has spread from the cervix to other parts of the body. Interferon is the most common form of biological therapy for cervical cancer and may be used in combination with chemotherapy. 大多数接受干扰素治疗的病人都是在门诊接受的.