肺气肿
Overview
当你呼吸时，空气通过支气管进入肺部. The bronchi divide into smaller airways, called bronchioles, which end in clusters of tiny air sacs, 被称为肺泡. 肺气肿, the fourth leading cause of death in the United States, 影响肺部数百万个小气囊的壁, which become inflamed and lose elasticity, causing the bronchioles to collapse. 结果是, air becomes trapped in the air sacks, which become overstretched and may rupture, greatly affecting a person's ability to breathe normally.
The leading cause of emphysema is cigarette smoking. Other risks factors include air pollution, occupational exposure to dust and chemicals, frequent lower respiratory infections and second hand smoke. 在罕见的情况下，遗传性疾病α -1抗胰蛋白酶(AAT)缺乏导致肺气肿.
肺气肿是一种慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)。, 导致肺部气流永久阻塞的一组肺部疾病.
我们的 approach to emphysema
UCSF为所有类型的COPD提供全面的评估和护理. When treating emphysema, we aim to ease 症状, slow progression of the disease and prevent complications.
Treatment options include medications, supplemental oxygen and, for patients with AAT deficiency, AAT注入. We also offer pulmonary rehabilitation, 这是一个多方面的项目，提供营养和运动咨询, 帮助戒烟和教育如何尽可能保持健康. 一些患者可能受益于手术切除受损肺的一小部分或肺移植. UCSF is currently the top lung transplant program in the U.S. 高于预期的患者存活率和移植物存活率(移植肺的持续功能).
In addition to caring for patients, 我们领导研究以提高对慢性阻塞性肺病的认识和治疗. 感兴趣的患者可以选择通过参加临床试验来尝试实验性治疗.
奖 & 识别
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Among the top hospitals in the nation
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No. 8 in the nation for pulmonology & 肺部手术
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Rated high-performing hospital for COPD
迹象 & 症状
一个患有肺气肿的人会有呼吸短促-在体力活动和, when the condition is more advanced, also during rest. 患者最终可能需要补充氧气，并可能不得不依赖机械呼吸装置.
Other 症状 of emphysema include:
- 慢性咳嗽
- Frequent respiratory infections
- Reduced appetite
- 减肥
- 乏力
诊断
In making a diagnosis of emphysema, 你的十大赌博平台排行榜会先给你做一次彻底的体检, 记录你的病史并询问你正在经历的任何症状.
然后可进行下列检查以作出明确诊断:
- Pulmonary function 测试ing (PFT). 这 测试 包括一系列的呼吸动作，测量你肺部的气流和空气量. 这可以让你的十大赌博平台排行榜客观地评估你的肺功能.
- High resolution computed tomography (HRCT). 这 is a special type of CT扫描 这为你的十大赌博平台排行榜提供了你肺部的高分辨率图像. Having a HRCT is no different than having a regular CT扫描; they both are performed on an open-air table and take only a few minutes.
- 胸部x光片. 胸部x光检查 能帮助确诊肺气肿并排除其他肺部疾病吗.
- Arterial blood gases analysis. 这些 血液测试 测量肺部将氧气输送到血液和清除二氧化碳的能力.
- Sputum examination. 分析痰中的细胞可以帮助确定一些肺部问题的原因.
治疗
治疗肺气肿的目的是缓解症状, prevent complications and slow the progression of the disease. 对于肺气肿患者来说，戒烟也是必不可少的, 因为继续使用烟草只会进一步损害肺部. 我们的 Tobacco Education Center 向接受过烟草成瘾治疗培训的十大赌博平台排行榜提供课程和个人咨询. 我们帮助吸烟者最大限度地提高成功戒烟的可能性.
药物
Bronchodilator medications
Inhaled as aerosol sprays or taken orally, 支气管扩张药物可以通过放松和打开肺部的空气通道来帮助缓解肺气肿的症状.
类固醇
Inhaled as an aerosol spray, 类固醇可以帮助缓解与哮喘和支气管炎相关的肺气肿症状. 随着时间的推移, 然而, inhaled steroids can cause side effects, such as weakened bones, high blood pressure, diabetes and cataracts. 在使用类固醇之前与十大赌博平台排行榜讨论这些副作用是很重要的.
抗生素
抗生素可用于帮助对抗肺气肿患者常见的呼吸道感染, such as acute bronchitis, pneumonia and the flu.
疫苗
患有肺气肿的患者应该每年注射一次流感疫苗，每5到7年注射一次肺炎疫苗，以防止感染.
氧气疗法
As a patient's disease progresses, 他们可能会发现自己呼吸越来越困难，可能需要补充氧气. 氧气有多种形式，可以通过不同的装置输送, including those you can use at home.
Surgery or lung transplant
Lung transplantation may be an option for some patients with emphysema. 为他人, lung volume reduction surgery, during which small wedges of damaged lung tissue are removed, may be recommended.
蛋白质疗法
由α -1抗胰蛋白酶(AAT)缺乏引起的肺气肿患者可给予AAT输注，以帮助减缓肺损伤的进展.
Pulmonary rehabilitation
肺气肿治疗的一个重要组成部分是肺康复, which includes education, nutrition counseling, learning special breathing techniques, help with quitting smoking and starting an exercise regimen. Because people with emphysema are often physically limited, they may avoid any kind of physical activity. 然而，有规律的体育活动实际上可以改善病人的健康和幸福.
加州大学旧金山分校健康医学专家已经审查了这些信息. 它仅用于教育目的，并不打算取代您的十大赌博平台排行榜或其他医疗保健提供者的建议. 我们鼓励您与您的供应商讨论您可能遇到的任何问题或疑虑.
