何杰金氏病 淋巴瘤

迹象 & 症状

Symptoms of 何杰金氏病 lymphoma may include the following:

• A painless swelling in the lymph nodes in the neck, underarm or groin
• Unexplained recurrent fevers
• 盗汗
• Unexplained weight loss
• 皮肤瘙痒

然而, these 症状 are not sure signs of 何杰金氏病 lymphoma. In most cases, they are caused by other, less serious conditions such as the flu. 也就是说, when 症状 like these persist, it is important to see a doctor so that any illness can be diagnosed 和 treated. Only a doctor can diagnose 何杰金氏病 lymphoma.

诊断

If 何杰金氏病 lymphoma is suspected, 十大赌博平台排行榜会询问你的病史，并为你做身体检查，检查你的一般健康状况. 检查包括检查所有淋巴结，检查肝脏或脾脏是否肿大. 除了, the doctor may order blood tests.

十大赌博平台排行榜也可能建议进行检查，产生身体内部的图片，例如:

• x射线. High-energy radiation 是用来拍摄身体内部的区域，如胸部、骨骼、肝脏和脾脏.
• Computed tomography (CT) scan. A CT扫描 uses a thin X-ray beam that rotates around the area being examined. A computer processes data to construct a three-dimensional, cross-sectional image.
• Magnetic resonance imaging (核磁共振成像). An 核磁共振成像 提供人体内部区域的详细图片，这些区域是由连接到计算机的强力磁铁产生的.

The diagnosis also depends on a 活组织检查, 在此过程中，外科十大赌博平台排行榜取出淋巴组织样本(部分或全部淋巴结)，以便病理学家在显微镜下检查是否有癌细胞. Other tissues may be sampled as well. The pathologist studies the tissue 和 checks for Reed-Sternberg cells, which are large abnormal cells usually found with 何杰金氏病 lymphoma.

治疗

Treatment for 何杰金氏病 lymphoma depends on the stage of the disease, the size of the enlarged lymph nodes, the 症状 that are present, the age 和 general health of the patient, 还有其他因素.

病人 with 何杰金氏病 lymphoma undergo an extensive evaluation that may include:

• A general history 和 physical examination
• Multiple blood tests
• x射线
• Computed tomography (CT) scan
• PET扫描
• Bone marrow aspiration 和 活组织检查
• 淋巴结活检

放疗和化疗是治疗霍奇金淋巴瘤最常见的方法 bone marrow transplantation, 外周干细胞移植和生物疗法目前正在临床试验中进行研究.

放射治疗

放射治疗, also called radiotherapy, uses high-energy rays to kill cancer cells. Depending on the stage of the disease, treatment with radiation may be given alone or with chemotherapy. 放射治疗是局部治疗，这意味着它只影响治疗区域的癌细胞.

Radiation treatment for 何杰金氏病 lymphoma usually involves external radiation, coming from a machine that aims the rays at a specific area of the body. External radiation does not cause the body to become radioactive. Most often, treatment is given on an outpatient basis in a hospital or clinic.

化疗

化疗 uses drugs to kill cancer cells. 化疗 for 何杰金氏病 lymphoma usually consists of a combination of several drugs. It may be given alone or followed by radiation therapy.

化疗通常是有周期的:一个治疗期接着一个恢复期, then another treatment period 和 recovery period, 等等....... 虽然大多数抗癌药物是通过静脉注射到血管中, some are given by mouth. 化疗 is a systemic therapy, meaning the drugs enter the bloodstream 和 travel throughout the body.

通常, chemotherapy is an outpatient procedure, which means it can be given at the hospital, the doctor's office or at home. 然而, depending on which drugs are given 和 the patient's general health, a short hospital stay may be needed.

大多数患者每两周接受一次化疗，持续约6个月. Depending on the initial stage 和 how the tumor regresses with the treatment, more or less therapy may be required.

干细胞 transplants

At UCSF Medical Center, stem cell transplantation, also called bone marrow transplantation, is offered to many patients with recurrent 何杰金氏病 lymphoma. The type of stem cell transplant will depend on a number of factors including:

• 年龄
• 目前的症状
• Response to prior treatments
• The availability of a donor

鼓励患者咨询干细胞移植十大赌博平台排行榜以了解更多关于霍奇金淋巴瘤的信息, the treatments for the disease 和 stem cell transplantation.

干细胞, 或者骨髓, 移植指的是给予高剂量化疗，然后输注干细胞. 如果从髋骨中收集干细胞，这个过程被称为骨髓移植. If the stem cells are collected from the blood using a procedure called leukapheresis, the procedure is called a peripheral blood stem cell transplant.

今天, 大多数移植手术是使用从外周血中收集的干细胞进行的. 外周干细胞移植是一种给予大剂量化疗，然后用健康干细胞替代被化疗破坏的造血细胞的方法.

Transplantation may be:

• 自体. Using the patient's own blood cells that were saved earlier
• 同种异体的. Using blood cells donated by someone else
• 同系的. Using blood cells donated by an identical twin

生物治疗

生物疗法刺激或恢复免疫系统对抗感染和疾病的能力. 除了, these therapies – also known as immunotherapy, 生物疗法或生物反应调节剂(BRM)疗法-用于减轻某些癌症治疗可能引起的一些副作用.