肺 狭窄
Overview
肺 stenosis is a narrowing of the pulmonary valve that regulates the flow of blood from the right ventricle to the lungs. This narrowing may force the heart to pump harder to send blood to the lungs and lead to enlargement of the heart.
心脏由四个腔室组成. 两个上院, 被称为心房, where blood enters the heart and the two lower chambers, 被称为心室, 血液从哪里被泵出心脏. The flow between the chambers is controlled by a set of valves that act as one-way doors.
Blood is pumped from the right side of the heart up through the pulmonary valve to the pulmonary artery to the lungs, 哪里的血液充满了氧气. From the lungs, the blood travels back down to the left atrium and left ventricle. The newly oxygenated blood is pumped through another big blood vessel called the aorta to the rest of the body.
The pulmonary valve has three leaflets or valves that work to open and close the valve. 狭窄 occurs when the valve does not open fully and obstructs blood flow. 狭窄 may occur because the valve is deformed with only one or two leaflets, 或者是因为传单粘在一起了.
我们治疗肺动脉狭窄的方法
UCSF提供全面的, highly specialized care for adults living with heart defects such as pulmonary stenosis. Our dedicated team of experts offers a wide array of services, 包括彻底的医疗评估, 先进的治疗, 长期监测, 以及个性化的饮食建议, 锻炼, 社会心理支持和计划生育.
Surgeons may be able to repair the defect using a minimally invasive procedure called balloon valvuloplasty. 在这个过程中, 十大赌博平台排行榜使用薄纱, 灵活的 tube to place and inflate a balloon in the narrowed valve, 把它打开, 然后放气并取出气球. 球囊瓣膜成形术通常是成功的. 然而, adults with severe pulmonary stenosis often need to have the valve replaced entirely, 用人造阀门或动物阀门.
奖 & 识别
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是全国顶尖的十大赌博平台排行榜之一
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全国最好的心脏病和心脏专家之一 & 血管手术
迹象 & 症状
People with pulmonary stenosis often have no 症状. 然而, if the condition is severe, 症状 may include:
- 变蓝，称为紫绀
- 快速的呼吸
- 晕倒
- 低能量的
诊断
因为可能没有明显的症状, the first indication of pulmonary stenosis is often a heart murmur, 胸部检查时听到的额外声音. 肺狭窄的评估包括:
- Electrocardiogram (EKG or ECG), which records the heart's electrical activity
- 胸部x光检查心脏大小
- Echocardiogram, which is an ultrasound examination of the heart
- Exercise test to measure how much oxygen the heart can provide to your muscles while you 锻炼
治疗
严重程度决定治疗. 病人 with very mild obstruction and no 症状 may not require treatment. For others, pulmonary stenosis may need to be be treated with a procedure called a valvuloplasty. This procedure is minimally invasive, which means it requires only a small incision. A more severe problem may require an open-heart operation, which is major surgery.
Children and adults whose pulmonary valves are still 灵活的 may be treated with a balloon valvuloplasty, a non-surgical procedure in which a catheter — a thin, 灵活的, plastic tube — is inserted into the heart via blood vessels from the leg. A balloon at the tip of the catheter is inserted into the narrow opening in the valve and then inflated to stretch the valve opening and separate the valve leaflets. 这通常是非常成功和持久的. If, 然而, 瓣膜异常厚, then the balloon procedure is unlikely to be successful and the surgeon will have to open up the valve with a scalpel.
严重狭窄的成人, 瓣膜常硬化和钙化, and treatment is more likely to include surgical replacement with either a manufactured valve or a valve from an animal, 通常是猪. Another surgical repair involved removing obstructive tissue below the valve, which may be done in conjunction with valve replacement. Studies indicate that surgical valvotomy has a 25-year survival rate of 95 percent, 或者和正常人群差不多.
Most patients who have been treated surgically or with balloon valvuloplasty in childhood will have normal lives. They usually do not require continuous antibiotic treatment but it may be recommended for some people who have additional complications. The likelihood of requiring a repeat procedure is very low — 5 percent at 25 years. 然而, it is recommended that all patients be evaluated by a cardiologist specializing in adult congenital heart disease at least once. 此时，应进行超声心动图检查. 之后, yearly physical examinations are recommended with repeat echocardiogram should there be a change in the physical examination or new 症状.
加州大学旧金山分校健康 medical specialists have reviewed this information. It is for educational purposes only and is not intended to replace the advice of your doctor or other health care provider. We encourage you to discuss any questions or concerns you may have with your provider.
