眩晕
Overview
眩晕, 头晕和与平衡有关的疾病是成年人中最常见的健康问题. Nearly 40 percent of U.S. adults experience vertigo at least once in their lifetime, with women slightly more likely to get it than men. 它可能是由身体前庭系统的问题引起的, which includes structures of the inner ear, vestibular nerve, brain stem and cerebellum, a region of the brain that integrates sensory perception, coordination and motor control. 这个系统调节平衡、姿势和身体在空间中的方向.
原因
Although the cause is unknown in many cases, a number of disorders can cause vertigo, dizziness and imbalance. Those conditions include:
Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV)
In people with BPPV, 头部或身体的运动——尤其是躺在床上或俯身时——会导致持续不到一分钟的短暂眩晕发作. 当被称为耳石的微小钙沉积物被困在构成前庭系统的三个半规管中的一个中时，就会发生BPPV. BPPV是眩晕最常见的原因，可以有效治疗.
Meniere's disease
梅尼埃氏病是由内耳液体失衡引起的, 哪一种会导致持续几分钟到几小时的眩晕. It's frequently accompanied by fluctuating, low-frequency 听力损失, 耳鸣 耳朵里有一种充实感或压迫感，被称为听觉充实感.
Viral and bacterial labyrinthitis
迷路炎是内耳发炎引起的, and may cause vertigo attacks lasting from hours to days.
Other causes
Various neurological conditions can also cause vertigo. These include:
- 脑瘤
- Migraine headaches
- 中风
- Transient ischemic attacks or TIAs
- Multiple sclerosis
Other, non-neurological causes include:
- 糖尿病
- Heart arrhythmias
- Hyperventilation
- 直立性低血压，当你站起来时血压突然下降
- 精神或情绪问题，如惊恐发作和焦虑
- 使用多种处方药和非处方药
Our approach to vertigo
UCSF提供最先进的眩晕评估和治疗, dizziness and other balance problems. Our team includes specialists in audiology, otolaryngology (ear and throat disorders), neurology and physical therapy, 谁合作找出个人症状的原因并设计解决方案. 眩晕的治疗取决于诊断，可能包括药物或手术, as well as physical therapy to improve stabilization, retrain the brain and relieve 症状.
奖 & 识别
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Among the top hospitals in the nation
迹象 & 症状
根据定义，眩晕是一种你或周围环境正在移动的错误感觉. 这种感觉最好描述为旋转、旋转或垂直或水平移动. 眩晕发作可能是持续性的，也可能是偶发的，持续时间从几秒到几天不等.
Other 症状 may include, but are not limited to:
- Abnormal or involuntary eye movements, called nystagmus
- Blurred vision, known as diplopia
- Difficulty speaking or slurred speech, called dysarthria
- Difficulty walking, known as ataxic gait
- Feeling faint
- Hearing loss
- Nausea or vomiting
- Sweating, also known as diaphoresis
- 耳鸣
- Visual disturbances, known as oscillopsia
- Weakness and numbness
即使是医学专业人士也会误解病人对眩晕症状的描述. 为了得到正确的诊断，准确描述你的症状是很重要的.
诊断
To assess what's causing your vertigo, 加州大学旧金山分校的平衡中心会给你一些子测试来检查前庭系统的有效性和相互作用, or inner ear, the somatosensory system, or flex and pressure sensors in your feet, 以及视觉系统，以及这些系统如何对你的整体稳定和平衡做出贡献. 评估有助于确定哪个系统或哪个系统可能导致您的症状，并为治疗提供指导.
评估包括视频震动图(VNG)或电子震动图(ENG)测试. The VNG or ENG evaluation is separated into three subtests.
- 眼球运动的. 这是评估眼动系统，平衡的视觉系统. In this part of the test, 我们通过让你完成一系列的练习来测量自愿性眼球运动，同时在视觉上跟随光条上的一个点.
- Positional or positioning. This part of the test focuses on the vestibular system, which is the balance structure of the inner ear. We will ask you to move your head, or head and body, 监测前庭系统对这些运动和重力变化的反应.
- 热量. 这种测量方法通过分别向每个耳道注入冷热空气来确定前庭系统的反应. 然后将前庭系统的表现从一侧与另一侧进行比较, 以及内耳是否有可能出现虚弱或过度反应. During the caloric test, it isn't unusual to experience a sensation of movement, which goes away immediately when the test is complete.
治疗
治疗将根据诊断而有所不同，可能包括药物治疗, 手术, vestibular rehabilitation training, balance training or canalith repositioning maneuvers.
前庭康复是许多疾病的主要治疗方法，也与手术或药物一起使用. 前庭康复包括旨在重新训练大脑来补偿的锻炼, 并适应, loss of function in the vestibular system.
导管复位是治疗BPPV的有效方法. 这些动作包括一系列的头部运动，旨在将钙沉积物从前庭系统的通道中移出，钙沉积物被困在那里, and back to their normal position.
加州大学旧金山分校健康医学专家已经审查了这些信息. 它仅用于教育目的，并不打算取代您的十大赌博平台排行榜或其他医疗保健提供者的建议. 我们鼓励您与您的供应商讨论您可能遇到的任何问题或疑虑.
